University of California San Francisco

Rajalingam Raja, Ph.D., D(ABHI)-144
Rajalingam
Raja
PhD, F(ACHI), FRCP

Clinical Professor of Surgery 
Director, Immunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory

Address

1100 Van Ness Ave., #805
San Francisco, CA 94109
United States

Email: [email protected]
Phone: 415-476-0647
Fax: 415-476-0379

ORCID: 0000-0001-8821-7877

Biography

Dr. Raja has over 30 years of experience in studying the basic and clinical aspects of Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics. During the Ph.D. program in the Department of Transplantation Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Dr. Raja developed DNA-based HLA typing method and studied the diversity of HLA in Asian Indians, and the association between HLA alleles and infectious diseases. During 6 years of postdoctoral training in the Parham laboratory, Stanford University, Dr. Raja defined the KIR genomic diversity in several non-human species. In 2002, Dr. Raja joined as Associate Director of the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Immunogenetics Center, which provides clinical histocompatibility testing. After 11 years of UCLA experience, Dr. Raja became the program director of the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Immunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory (ITL), which facilitates over 800 solid organ and bone marrow transplantations per year. As the CLIA-approved Laboratory Director, Clinical Consultant and Technical Supervisor, Dr. Raja provides leadership to all areas of clinical Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics testing including stem cell transplantation, various solid organ transplantations (kidney, pancreas, liver, heart, lung), testing for HLA-associated diseases, and testing for transfusion services. Dr. Raja's current research is focused on understanding the KIR-HLA genomic differences in human populations and their relevance in therapeutic transplantations and disease association. Dr. Raja involves in teaching and training in histocompatibility, immunogenetics and transplant immunology, and mentors post-doctoral research fellows, residents, and visiting scholars.

Education

Institution Degree Dept or School End Date
Royal College of Pathologists FRCPath Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics 2018
American Board of Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics (ABHI) D(ABHI) Histocompatibility Testing 2008
Stanford University Post-Doctoral Research Immunogenetics 2002
All India Institute of Medical Sciences Ph.D. Histocompatibility & Immunogenetics 1996
University of Madras M.Phil. Endocrinology 1989
Bharathiyar University M.Sc. Zoology 1988
University of Madras B.Sc. Zoology 1984

Awards & Honors

Award Conferred By Date
Prof. NK Mehra Oration Award 2016 Indian Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics (ISHI) 2016
Certificate of Qualification, Histocompatibility Laboratory Director New York State Department of Health 2012
Histocompatibility Laboratory Director Department of Public Health, State of California 2009
Clinical Immunology Training Award FIMSA & IUIS 1996
Shakuntala Amir Chand prize for the best Ph.D. thesis in Biomedical Sciences in India Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) 1996
University First Rank in post-graduation (M.Sc.: Zoology, Biochemicstry, Molecular Biology) Bharathiyar University, Coimbatore, India 1988

Collaboration Interests

I am interested in:

  • academic collaboration
  • community and stakeholder organizations
  • companies and entrepreneurs
  • multicenter clinical research
  • prospective donors

Research Narrative

Natural killer (NK) have been implicated in control and clearance of malignant and virally infected cells, regulation of adaptive immune responses, rejection of bone marrow transplants, autoimmunity and the maintenance of pregnancy. Human NK cells largely use a family of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-specific Killer cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (KIR) to recognize and respond to the unhealthy target cells. KIR and HLA loci are both polygenic and substantially polymorphic, and they map to distinct human chromosomes (Chromosomes 19 and 6, respectively).

KIR and HLA gene families segregate independently, yielding many individuals who express KIR receptors for which they lack HLA class I ligands, and vice versa, thus creating human diversity in the number and type of KIR-HLA inherited gene pairs, which potentially could influence the health and disease status of a given individual. The overall goal of our research is to understand the diversity of KIR receptors, HLA ligands, and KIR-HLA gene combinations in populations and their relevance in human health and disease.

Publications

MOST RECENT PUBLICATIONS FROM A TOTAL OF 102
  1. Domain shuffling has been the main mechanism forming new hominoid killer cell Ig-like receptors.
    Rajalingam R, Parham P, Abi-Rached L| | PubMed
  2. Predominance of group A KIR haplotypes in Japanese associated with diverse NK cell repertoires of KIR expression.
    Yawata M, Yawata N, McQueen KL, Cheng NW, Guethlein LA, Rajalingam R, Shilling HG, Parham P| | PubMed
  3. Distinctive KIR and HLA diversity in a panel of north Indian Hindus.
    Rajalingam R, Krausa P, Shilling HG, Stein JB, Balamurugan A, McGinnis MD, Cheng NW, Mehra NK, Parham P| | PubMed
  4. Conservation and variation in human and common chimpanzee CD94 and NKG2 genes.
    Shum BP, Flodin LR, Muir DG, Rajalingam R, Khakoo SI, Cleland S, Guethlein LA, Uhrberg M, Parham P| | PubMed
  5. Comparison of chimpanzee and human leukocyte Ig-like receptor genes reveals framework and rapidly evolving genes.
    Canavez F, Young NT, Guethlein LA, Rajalingam R, Khakoo SI, Shum BP, Parham P| | PubMed
  6. Molecular diversity of HLA-A*02 in Asian Indians: predominance of A*0211.
    Mehra NK, Jaini R, Rajalingam R, Balamurugan A, Kaur G| | PubMed
  7. Different NK cell surface phenotypes defined by the DX9 antibody are due to KIR3DL1 gene polymorphism.
    Gardiner CM, Guethlein LA, Shilling HG, Pando M, Carr WH, Rajalingam R, Vilches C, Parham P| | PubMed
  8. Identification of seventeen novel KIR variants: fourteen of them from two non-Caucasian donors.
    Rajalingam R, Gardiner CM, Canavez F, Vilches C, Parham P| | PubMed
  9. Short KIR haplotypes in pygmy chimpanzee (Bonobo) resemble the conserved framework of diverse human KIR haplotypes.
    Rajalingam R, Hong M, Adams EJ, Shum BP, Guethlein LA, Parham P| | PubMed
  10. Discovery of two novel variants of KIR2DS5 reveals this gene to be a common component of human KIR 'B' haplotypes.
    Vilches C, Pando MJ, Rajalingam R, Gardiner CM, Parham P| | PubMed
102
View all 102 Publications
MOST RECENT PUBLICATIONS FROM A TOTAL OF 102
  1. A Scan of Pleiotropic Immune Mediated Disease Genes Identifies Novel Determinants of Baseline FVIII Inhibitor Status in Hemophilia-A.
    Howard T, Almieda M, Diego V, Viel K, Luu B, Haack K, Raja R, Ameri A, Chitlur M, Rydz N, Lillicrap D, Watts R, Kessler C, Ramsey C, Dinh L, Kim B, Powell J, Peralta J, Bouls R, Abraham S, Shen YM, Murillo C, Mead H, Lehmann P, Fine E, Escobar M, Kumar S, Williams-Blangero S, Kasper C, Almasy L, Cole S, Blangero J, Konkle B| | PubMed
  2. COVID-19 infection and vaccination rarely impact HLA antibody profile in waitlisted renal transplant candidates- a multicenter cohort.
    Roll GR, Bray RA, Cooper M, Eagar TN, Gebel HM, Vranic GM, Hitchman KMK, Houp J, Kamoun M, Killian J, Kim J, Kumar V, Levine M, Lovasik BP, Lunow-Luke T, Parsons RF, Pattanayak V, Ranch D, Shah A, Stock PG, Timofeeva OA, Trofe-Clark J, Wongjirad C, Yeh H, Yi S, Rajalingam R| | PubMed
  3. Experimental and clinical data analysis for identification of COVID-19 resistant ACE2 mutations.
    Raghav PK, Raghav A, Lathwal A, Saxena A, Mann Z, Sengar M, Rajalingam R| | PubMed
  4. Human Bone Marrow Plasma Cell Atlas: Maturation and Survival Pathways Unraveled by Single Cell Analyses.
    Duan M, Nguyen DC, Joyner CJ, Saney CL, Tipton CM, Andrews J, Lonial S, Kim C, Hentenaar I, Kosters A, Ghosn E, Jackson A, Knechtle S, Maruthamuthu S, Chandran S, Martin T, Rajalingam R, Vincenti F, Breeden C, Sanz I, Gibson G, Eun-Hyung Lee F| | PubMed
  5. CD16+ natural killer cells in bronchoalveolar lavage are associated with antibody-mediated rejection and chronic lung allograft dysfunction.
    Calabrese DR, Chong T, Singer JP, Rajalingam R, Hays SR, Kukreja J, Leard L, Golden JA, Lanier LL, Greenland JR| | PubMed
  6. Protection of cell therapeutics from antibody-mediated killing by CD64 overexpression.
    Gravina A, Tediashvili G, Rajalingam R, Quandt Z, Deisenroth C, Schrepfer S, Deuse T| | PubMed
  7. KIR-HLA gene diversities and susceptibility to lung cancer.
    Hematian Larki M, Ashouri E, Barani S, Ghayumi SMA, Ghaderi A, Rajalingam R| | PubMed
  8. Individualized Constellation of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors and Cognate HLA Class I Ligands that Controls Natural Killer Cell Antiviral Immunity Predisposes COVID-19.
    Maruthamuthu S, Rajalingam K, Kaur N, Morvan MG, Soto J, Lee N, Kong D, Hu Z, Reyes K, Ng D, Butte AJ, Chiu C, Rajalingam R| | PubMed
  9. Concurrent use of two independent methods prevents erroneous HLA typing of deceased organ donors - An important strategy for patient safety and accurate virtual crossmatching for broader sharing.
    Cruz TD, Dames C, Pagaduan L, Cho Y, Kong D, Rajalingam R| | PubMed
  10. Solid-Phase C1q/C3d Fixing Readouts Correlate with High Median Fluorescence Intensity (MFI) De Novo Donor-Specific HLA Antibodies and C4dāŗ Antibody-Mediated Rejection in Kidney Transplant Recipients.
    Tatapudi VS, Kopchaliiska D, da Gente GJ, Buenaventura OF, Singh M, Laszik Z, Adey DB, Rajalingam R| | PubMed
  11. Individualized genetic makeup that controls natural killer cell function influences the efficacy of isatuximab immunotherapy in patients with multiple myeloma.
    Sun H, Martin TG, Marra J, Kong D, Keats J, MacƩ S, Chiron M, Wolf JL, Venstrom JM, Rajalingam R| | PubMed
  12. Concurrent typing of over 4000 samples by long-range PCR amplicon-based NGS and rSSO revealed the need to verify NGS typing for HLA allelic dropouts.
    Kong D, Lee N, Dela Cruz ID, Dames C, Maruthamuthu S, Golden T, Rajalingam R| | PubMed
  13. COVID-19 does not impact HLA antibody profile in a series of waitlisted renal transplant candidates.
    Roll GR, Lunow-Luke T, Braun HJ, Buenaventura O, Mallari M, Stock PG, Rajalingam R| | PubMed
  14. Coexistence of inhibitory and activating killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors to the same cognate HLA-C2 and Bw4 ligands confer breast cancer risk.
    Ashouri E, Rajalingam K, Barani S, Farjadian S, Ghaderi A, Rajalingam R| | PubMed
  15. A Virtual Crossmatch-based Strategy Facilitates Sharing of Deceased Donor Kidneys for Highly Sensitized Recipients.
    Roll GR, Webber AB, Gae DH, Laszik Z, Tavakol M, Mayen L, Cunniffe K, Syed S, Hirose R, Freise C, Feng S, Roberts JP, Ascher NL, Stock PG, Rajalingam R| | PubMed
  16. Allele-level HLA matching reduces early rejection in lung transplant recipients.
    Rajalingam R| | PubMed
  17. Quantitative HLA-class-II/factor VIII (FVIII) peptidomic variation in dendritic cells correlates with the immunogenic potential of therapeutic FVIII proteins in hemophilia A.
    Diego VP, Luu BW, Hofmann M, Dinh LV, Almeida M, Powell JS, Rajalingam R, Peralta JM, Kumar S, Curran JE, Sauna ZE, Kellerman R, Park Y, Key NS, Escobar MA, Huynh H, Verhagen AM, Williams-Blangero S, Lehmann PV, Maraskovsky E, Blangero J, Howard TE| | PubMed
  18. De novo mutations in mitochondrial DNA of iPSCs produce immunogenic neoepitopes in mice and humans.
    Deuse T, Hu X, Agbor-Enoh S, Koch M, Spitzer MH, Gravina A, Alawi M, Marishta A, Peters B, Kosaloglu-Yalcin Z, Yang Y, Rajalingam R, Wang D, Nashan B, Kiefmann R, Reichenspurner H, Valantine H, Weissman IL, Schrepfer S| | PubMed
  19. Long-Term Safety, Immunologic Response, and Imaging Outcomes following Neural Stem Cell Transplantation for Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease.
    Gupta N, Henry RG, Kang SM, Strober J, Lim DA, Ryan T, Perry R, Farrell J, Ulman M, Rajalingam R, Gage A, Huhn SL, Barkovich AJ, Rowitch DH| | PubMed
  20. Selection of unrelated donors and cord blood units for hematopoietic cell transplantation: guidelines from the NMDP/CIBMTR.
    Dehn J, Spellman S, Hurley CK, Shaw BE, Barker JN, Burns LJ, Confer DL, Eapen M, Fernandez-Vina M, Hartzman R, Maiers M, Marino SR, Mueller C, Perales MA, Rajalingam R, Pidala J| | PubMed
  21. Gene signatures common to allograft rejection are associated with lymphocytic bronchitis.
    Greenland JR, Wang P, Brotman JJ, Ahuja R, Chong TA, Kleinhenz ME, Leard LE, Golden JA, Hays SR, Kukreja J, Singer JP, Rajalingam R, Jones K, Laszik ZG, Trivedi NN, Greenland NY, Blanc PD| | PubMed
  22. Association of HLA Antigen Mismatch With Risk of Developing Skin Cancer After Solid-Organ Transplant.
    Gao Y, Twigg AR, Hirose R, Roll GR, Nowacki AS, Maytin EV, Vidimos AT, Rajalingam R, Arron ST| | PubMed
  23. Diversity of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors and Disease.
    Rajalingam R| | PubMed
  24. Inhibitory natural killer cell receptor KIR3DL1 with its ligand Bw4 constraints HIV-1 disease among South Indians.
    Maruthamuthu S, Rajalingam R, Pandian K, Madasamy S, Manoharan M, Pitchai L, Murugesan A, Mariakuttikan J| | PubMed
  25. Genotypes associated with tacrolimus pharmacokinetics impact clinical outcomes in lung transplant recipients.
    Calabrese DR, Florez R, Dewey K, Hui C, Torgerson D, Chong T, Faust H, Rajalingam R, Hays SR, Golden JA, Kukreja J, Singer JP, Greenland JR| | PubMed
  26. Novel and shared neoantigen derived from histone 3 variant H3.3K27M mutation for glioma T cell therapy.
    Chheda ZS, Kohanbash G, Okada K, Jahan N, Sidney J, Pecoraro M, Yang X, Carrera DA, Downey KM, Shrivastav S, Liu S, Lin Y, Lagisetti C, Chuntova P, Watchmaker PB, Mueller S, Pollack IF, Rajalingam R, Carcaboso AM, Mann M, Sette A, Garcia KC, Hou Y, Okada H| | PubMed
  27. KIR3DL1/HLA-B Subtypes Govern Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Relapse After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.
    Boudreau JE, Giglio F, Gooley TA, Stevenson PA, Le Luduec JB, Shaffer BC, Rajalingam R, Hou L, Hurley CK, Noreen H, Reed EF, Yu N, Vierra-Green C, Haagenson M, Malkki M, Petersdorf EW, Spellman S, Hsu KC| | PubMed
  28. HLA Mismatching Favoring Host-Versus-Graft NK Cell Activity Via KIR3DL1 Is Associated With Improved Outcomes Following Lung Transplantation.
    Greenland JR, Sun H, Calabrese D, Chong T, Singer JP, Kukreja J, Hays SR, Golden JA, Caughey GH, Venstrom JM, Rajalingam R| | PubMed
  29. Short lung transplant donor telomere length is associated with decreased CLAD-free survival.
    Faust HE, Golden JA, Rajalingam R, Wang AS, Green G, Hays SR, Kukreja J, Singer JP, Wolters PJ, Greenland JR| | PubMed
  30. The Impact of HLA Class I-Specific Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors on Antibody-Dependent Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity and Organ Allograft Rejection.
    Rajalingam R| | PubMed
  31. Donor-Reactive Regulatory T Cell Frequency Increases During Acute Cellular Rejection of Lung Allografts.
    Greenland JR, Wong CM, Ahuja R, Wang AS, Uchida C, Golden JA, Hays SR, Leard LE, Rajalingam R, Singer JP, Kukreja J, Wolters PJ, Caughey GH, Tang Q| | PubMed
  32. Defining KIR and HLA Class I Genotypes at Highest Resolution via High-Throughput Sequencing.
    Norman PJ, Hollenbach JA, Nemat-Gorgani N, Marin WM, Norberg SJ, Ashouri E, Jayaraman J, Wroblewski EE, Trowsdale J, Rajalingam R, Oksenberg JR, Chiaroni J, Guethlein LA, Traherne JA, Ronaghi M, Parham P| | PubMed
  33. KIR and HLA Genotypes Implicated in Reduced Killer Lymphocytes Immunity Are Associated with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease.
    Levinson RD, Yung M, Meguro A, Ashouri E, Yu F, Mizuki N, Ohno S, Rajalingam R| | PubMed
  34. Donor-Recipient Matching for KIR Genotypes Reduces Chronic GVHD and Missing Inhibitory KIR Ligands Protect against Relapse after Myeloablative, HLA Matched Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.
    Faridi RM, Kemp TJ, Dharmani-Khan P, Lewis V, Tripathi G, Rajalingam R, Daly A, Berka N, Storek J, Masood Khan F| | PubMed
  35. CRM1 Inhibition Promotes Cytotoxicity in Ewing Sarcoma Cells by Repressing EWS-FLI1-Dependent IGF-1 Signaling.
    Sun H, Lin DC, Cao Q, Guo X, Marijon H, Zhao Z, Gery S, Xu L, Yang H, Pang B, Lee VK, Lim HJ, Doan N, Said JW, Chu P, Mayakonda A, Thomas T, Forscher C, Baloglu E, Shacham S, Rajalingam R, Koeffler HP| | PubMed
  36. HLA Markers DQ8 and DR53 Are Associated With Lymphocytic Hypophysitis and May Aid in Differential Diagnosis.
    Heaney AP, Sumerel B, Rajalingam R, Bergsneider M, Yong WH, Liau LM| | PubMed
  37. Human NK cells licensed by killer Ig receptor genes have an altered cytokine program that modifies CD4+ T cell function.
    Lin L, Ma C, Wei B, Aziz N, Rajalingam R, Yusung S, Erlich HA, Trachtenberg EA, Targan SR, McGovern DP, Heath JR, Braun J| | PubMed
  38. Characterization of human killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) among healthy Saudis.
    Osman AE, Mubasher M, ElSheikh NE, AlHarthi H, Al Yami AS, Rajalingam R, Al-Dehaimi A, Middleton D, ElGhazali G| | PubMed
  39. Gene-specific PCR typing of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors.
    Rajalingam R, Ashouri E| | PubMed
  40. Allele-level haplotype frequencies and pairwise linkage disequilibrium for 14 KIR loci in 506 European-American individuals.
    Vierra-Green C, Roe D, Hou L, Hurley CK, Rajalingam R, Reed E, Lebedeva T, Yu N, Stewart M, Noreen H, Hollenbach JA, Guethlein LA, Wang T, Spellman S, Maiers M| | PubMed
  41. Observations regarding the immunogenicity of BDD-rFVIII derived from a mechanistic personalized medicine perspective.
    Sauna ZE, Ameri A, Kim B, Yanover C, Viel KR, Rajalingam R, Cole SA, Howard TE| | PubMed
  42. Overview of the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor system.
    Rajalingam R| | PubMed
  43. Human diversity of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and disease.
    Rajalingam R| | PubMed
  44. The shaping of modern human immune systems by multiregional admixture with archaic humans.
    Abi-Rached L, Jobin MJ, Kulkarni S, McWhinnie A, Dalva K, Gragert L, Babrzadeh F, Gharizadeh B, Luo M, Plummer FA, Kimani J, Carrington M, Middleton D, Rajalingam R, Beksac M, Marsh SG, Maiers M, Guethlein LA, Tavoularis S, Little AM, Green RE, Norman PJ, Parham P| | PubMed
  45. Comparison of KIR gene content profiles revealed a difference between northern and southern Persians in the distribution of KIR2DS5 and its linked loci.
    Solgi G, Ghafari H, Ashouri E, Alimoghdam K, Rajalingam R, Amirzargar A| | PubMed
  46. KIR-HLA mismatching in human renal allograft transplantation: emergence of a new concept.
    Rajalingam R, Gebel HM| | PubMed
  47. Immunogenetics as a tool in anthropological studies.
    Sanchez-Mazas A, Fernandez-ViƱa M, Middleton D, Hollenbach JA, Buhler S, Di D, Rajalingam R, Dugoujon JM, Mack SJ, Thorsby E| | PubMed
  48. HLA-DRB1*0102 is associated with TINU syndrome and bilateral, sudden-onset anterior uveitis but not with interstitial nephritis alone.
    Mackensen F, David F, Schwenger V, Smith LK, Rajalingam R, Levinson RD, Austin CR, Houghton D, Martin TM, Rosenbaum JT| | PubMed
  49. Human-specific evolution and adaptation led to major qualitative differences in the variable receptors of human and chimpanzee natural killer cells.
    Abi-Rached L, Moesta AK, Rajalingam R, Guethlein LA, Parham P| | PubMed
  50. Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor gene-cluster 3DS1-2DL5-2DS1-2DS5 predisposes susceptibility to Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome in Japanese individuals.
    Levinson RD, Okada AA, Ashouri E, Keino H, Rajalingam R| | PubMed
  51. Activating killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors 3DS1 and 2DS1 protect against developing the severe form of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.
    Bonagura VR, Du Z, Ashouri E, Luo L, Hatam LJ, DeVoti JA, Rosenthal DW, Steinberg BM, Abramson AL, Gjertson DW, Reed EF, Rajalingam R| | PubMed
  52. Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors in HLA-B27-associated acute anterior uveitis, with and without axial spondyloarthropathy.
    Levinson RD, Martin TM, Luo L, Ashouri E, Rosenbaum JT, Smith JR, Austin CR, Lutt JR, Rajalingam R| | PubMed
  53. KIR gene content diversity in four Iranian populations.
    Ashouri E, Farjadian S, Reed EF, Ghaderi A, Rajalingam R| | PubMed
  54. A novel duplex SSP-PCR typing method for KIR gene profiling.
    Ashouri E, Ghaderi A, Reed EF, Rajalingam R| | PubMed
  55. A novel real-time PCR method for KIR genotyping.
    Alves LG, Rajalingam R, Canavez F| | PubMed
  56. Combination of KIR 2DL2 and HLA-C1 (Asn 80) confers susceptibility to type 1 diabetes in Latvians.
    Shastry A, Sedimbi SK, Rajalingam R, Nikitina-Zake L, Rumba I, Wigzell H, Sanjeevi CB| | PubMed
  57. Different KIRs confer susceptibility and protection to adults with latent autoimmune diabetes in Latvian and Asian Indian populations.
    Shastry A, Sedimbi SK, Rajalingam R, Rumba I, Kanungo A, Sanjeevi CB| | PubMed
  58. Variable interactions of recipient killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors with self and allogenic human leukocyte antigen class I ligands may influence the outcome of solid organ transplants.
    Rajalingam R| | PubMed
  59. KIR2DL5 alleles mark certain combination of activating KIR genes.
    Du Z, Sharma SK, Spellman S, Reed EF, Rajalingam R| | PubMed
  60. KIR and HLA gene combinations in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease.
    Levinson RD, Du Z, Luo L, Holland GN, Rao NA, Reed EF, Rajalingam R| | PubMed
  61. Distinct diversity of KIR genes in three southern Indian populations: comparison with world populations revealed a link between KIR gene content and pre-historic human migrations.
    Rajalingam R, Du Z, Meenagh A, Luo L, Kavitha VJ, Pavithra-Arulvani R, Vidhyalakshmi A, Sharma SK, Balazs I, Reed EF, Pitchappan RM, Middleton D| | PubMed
  62. Comparison of the rapidly evolving KIR locus in Parsis and natives of India.
    Kulkarni S, Single RM, Martin MP, Rajalingam R, Badwe R, Joshi N, Carrington M| | PubMed
  63. Combination of KIR and HLA gene variants augments the risk of developing birdshot chorioretinopathy in HLA-A*29-positive individuals.
    Levinson RD, Du Z, Luo L, Monnet D, Tabary T, Brezin AP, Zhao L, Gjertson DW, Holland GN, Reed EF, Cohen JH, Rajalingam R| | PubMed
  64. Chain-terminating natural mutations affect the function of activating KIR receptors 3DS1 and 2DS3.
    Luo L, Du Z, Sharma SK, Cullen R, Spellman S, Reed EF, Rajalingam R| | PubMed
  65. Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors influence the innate and adaptive immune responses.
    Rajalingam R| | PubMed
  66. Receptor-ligand analyses define minimal killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) in humans.
    Du Z, Gjertson DW, Reed EF, Rajalingam R| | PubMed
  67. HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles in mestizo patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada's disease in Southern California.
    Levinson RD, See RF, Rajalingam R, Reed EF, Park MS, Rao NA, Holland GN| | PubMed
  68. Human leukocyte antigen A29 subtypes associated with birdshot retinochoroidopathy.
    Levinson RD, Rajalingam R, Park MS, Reed EF, Gjertson DW, Kappel PJ, See RF, Rao NA, Holland GN| | PubMed
  69. A sequencing-based typing method for HLA-DQA1 alleles.
    Rajalingam R, Ge P, Reed EF| | PubMed
  70. Anti-HLA class I antibody-mediated activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and induction of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression in endothelial cells.
    Jin YP, Fishbein MC, Said JW, Jindra PT, Rajalingam R, Rozengurt E, Reed EF| | PubMed
  71. Domain shuffling has been the main mechanism forming new hominoid killer cell Ig-like receptors.
    Rajalingam R, Parham P, Abi-Rached L| | PubMed
  72. Predominance of group A KIR haplotypes in Japanese associated with diverse NK cell repertoires of KIR expression.
    Yawata M, Yawata N, McQueen KL, Cheng NW, Guethlein LA, Rajalingam R, Shilling HG, Parham P| | PubMed
  73. Distinctive KIR and HLA diversity in a panel of north Indian Hindus.
    Rajalingam R, Krausa P, Shilling HG, Stein JB, Balamurugan A, McGinnis MD, Cheng NW, Mehra NK, Parham P| | PubMed
  74. Conservation and variation in human and common chimpanzee CD94 and NKG2 genes.
    Shum BP, Flodin LR, Muir DG, Rajalingam R, Khakoo SI, Cleland S, Guethlein LA, Uhrberg M, Parham P| | PubMed
  75. Comparison of chimpanzee and human leukocyte Ig-like receptor genes reveals framework and rapidly evolving genes.
    Canavez F, Young NT, Guethlein LA, Rajalingam R, Khakoo SI, Shum BP, Parham P| | PubMed
  76. Molecular diversity of HLA-A*02 in Asian Indians: predominance of A*0211.
    Mehra NK, Jaini R, Rajalingam R, Balamurugan A, Kaur G| | PubMed
  77. Different NK cell surface phenotypes defined by the DX9 antibody are due to KIR3DL1 gene polymorphism.
    Gardiner CM, Guethlein LA, Shilling HG, Pando M, Carr WH, Rajalingam R, Vilches C, Parham P| | PubMed
  78. Identification of seventeen novel KIR variants: fourteen of them from two non-Caucasian donors.
    Rajalingam R, Gardiner CM, Canavez F, Vilches C, Parham P| | PubMed
  79. Short KIR haplotypes in pygmy chimpanzee (Bonobo) resemble the conserved framework of diverse human KIR haplotypes.
    Rajalingam R, Hong M, Adams EJ, Shum BP, Guethlein LA, Parham P| | PubMed
  80. Discovery of two novel variants of KIR2DS5 reveals this gene to be a common component of human KIR 'B' haplotypes.
    Vilches C, Pando MJ, Rajalingam R, Gardiner CM, Parham P| | PubMed
  81. Cold reactive lymphocytotoxic antibodies in pulmonary tuberculosis: correlation with disease activity and HLA.
    Rajalingam R, Mehra NK, Jain RC| | PubMed
  82. Polymorphism in heat-shock protein 70-1 (HSP70-1) gene promoter region and susceptibility to tuberculoid leprosy and pulmonary tuberculosis in Asian Indians.
    Rajalingam R, Mehra NK, Singal DP| | PubMed
  83. KIR2DL5, a novel killer-cell receptor with a D0-D2 configuration of Ig-like domains.
    Vilches C, Rajalingam R, Uhrberg M, Gardiner CM, Young NT, Parham P| | PubMed
  84. Rapid evolution of NK cell receptor systems demonstrated by comparison of chimpanzees and humans.
    Khakoo SI, Rajalingam R, Shum BP, Weidenbach K, Flodin L, Muir DG, Canavez F, Cooper SL, Valiante NM, Lanier LL, Parham P| | PubMed
  85. A divergent non-classical class I gene conserved in salmonids.
    Shum BP, Rajalingam R, Magor KE, Azumi K, Carr WH, Dixon B, Stet RJ, Adkison MA, Hedrick RP, Parham P| | PubMed
  86. Polymorphic MHC molecules dictate cytokine profile and clinical disease in mycobacterial diseases.
    Mehra NK, Mitra DK, Rajalingam R| | PubMed
  87. HLA class I profile in Asian Indian patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.
    Rajalingam R, Mehra NK, Mehra RD, Neolia S, Jain RC, Pande JN| | PubMed
  88. HLA association and occurrence of autoantibodies in Asian-Indian patients with ulcerative colitis.
    Habeeb MA, Rajalingam R, Dhar A, Kumar A, Sharma MP, Mehra NK| | PubMed
  89. Transporter associated with antigen-processing (TAP) genes and susceptibility to tuberculoid leprosy and pulmonary tuberculosis.
    Rajalingam R, Singal DP, Mehra NK| | PubMed
  90. HLA-DR polymorphism modulates the cytokine profile of Mycobacterium leprae HSP-reactive CD4+ T cells.
    Mitra DK, Rajalingam R, Taneja V, Bhattacharyya BC, Mehra NK| | PubMed
  91. Anti-IgG autoantibodies and possible immune regulatory mechanisms in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.
    Rajalingam R, Mehra NK, Chopra GS, Puri MM, Jain RC| | PubMed
  92. Correlation of serum interleukin-2 receptor-alpha levels with clinical manifestations in pulmonary tuberculosis.
    Rajalingam R, Mehra NK, Pande JN, Jain RC, Singla R| | PubMed
  93. Direct role of HLA-B5 in influencing susceptibility to Takayasu aortoarteritis.
    Mehra NK, Rajalingam R, Sagar S, Jain S, Sharma BK| | PubMed
  94. Polymerase chain reaction--based sequence-specific oligonucleotide hybridization analysis of HLA class II antigens in pulmonary tuberculosis: relevance to chemotherapy and disease severity.
    Rajalingam R, Mehra NK, Jain RC, Myneedu VP, Pande JN| | PubMed
  95. Generation of DR51-associated DQA1, DQB1 haplotypes in Asian Indians.
    Mehra NK, Rajalingam R, Giphart MJ| | PubMed
  96. CD4+ T-cell responses to recombinant hsp65 and hsp18 of M. leprae and their trypsin-digested fragments in leprosy: diversity in HLA-DR restriction.
    Mitra DK, Mehra NK, Maiti TK, Banerjee A, Taneja V, Rajalingam R, Ahuja RK, Bhattacharya BC| | PubMed
  97. Variants of HLA-DR2/DR51 group haplotypes and susceptibility to tuberculoid leprosy and pulmonary tuberculosis in Asian Indians.
    Mehra NK, Rajalingam R, Mitra DK, Taneja V, Giphart MJ| | PubMed
  98. Dorsolateral prostatic phosphomonoesterases and adenosine triphosphatases in hypo- and hyperthyroid rats.
    Sidharthan V, Rose PJ, Rajalingam R, Udhayakumar RC, Aruldhas MM, Govindarajulu P| | PubMed
  99. Asian Indian HLA-DR2-, DR4-, and DR52-related DR-DQ genotypes analyzed by polymerase chain reaction based nonradioactive oligonucleotide typing. Unique haplotypes and a novel DR4 subtype.
    Mehra NK, Bouwens AG, Naipal A, Rajalingam R, Grubic Z, Taneja V, Tilanus MG, Giphart MJ| | PubMed
  100. Effects of alloxan induced diabetes on lipid profiles in renal cortex and medulla of mature albino rats.
    Rajalingam R, Srinivasan N, Govindarajulu P| | PubMed
  101. Ventral prostatic phosphomonoesterases and adenosine triphosphatases in hypo- and hyperthyroid albino rats.
    Sidharthan V, Rajalingam R, Aruldhas MM, Govindarajulu P| | PubMed
  102. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) in respiratory allergy.
    Mehra NK, Rajalingam R, Bovornkitti S| | PubMed